Climate Vulnerability: Many emerging markets, particularly in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change impacts such as droughts, floods, rising sea levels, and extreme weather events. This direct exposure necessitates urgent action and fosters innovation in climate adaptation and resilience. For instance, African nations contribute least to global carbon emissions but suffer disproportionately from climate change, pushing them to address environmental and social issues more urgently.

Resource Dependencies: Economies often heavily rely on natural resources (agriculture, mining). Sustainable management of these resources becomes critical for long-term economic stability and ecological preservation. This drives innovations in sustainable agriculture, responsible mining, and biodiversity conservation.

Demographic Pressures: Rapid population growth, urbanization, and youth unemployment in many emerging markets highlight pressing social issues. This compels a focus on social aspects of ESG, such as job creation, fair labor practices, access to essential services (health, education), and inclusive growth. For example, some African leaders are working towards sustainable governance models rooted in African realities to address pressing governance challenges.